Calculating-machine.



PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906. I J. L. LEVIN. Q

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED BBQ-1,1904.

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WITNESSES.

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Adorn eys.

PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906. J. L. LEVIN.

GALGULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.1,1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED MAR. 20, 1906.

J. L. 'LEVIN. CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1, 1904;.

s SHEETS-SHEET a.

E S S E T Y "UNIT D, STATES JUDA'H L. LEVIN, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

PATENT oFFIoE.

CALCULATING-MACHINE- mam larch so, 1906.

T aZLwhom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, JUDAHL. LEVIN, a citi zen of the United States of America, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Calculating- Machines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accom anyingidrawin s.

T is lIlVBIltiOIl relates to new and useful improvements in adding or calculating machines; and its object is to rovide a machine having the mechanism an keys so arranged as to greatlyfacglitate the operation of the ma chine and so that the liab-lity of making mistakes is reduced to the minimum, the parts being so constructed as to make a very simple, compact, and efficient device capable'of performing both addition and subtraction.

It is also an objectof the invention to pro-- vide a positive lock to prevent error due to the slipping of the parts in transmitting motion, and which lock is operated by. the movement of theoperating-key to permit independent movement of the parts and to prov.de means for locking the parts, so that v on the line y y of Fin. 1

longitudinal y of the casin the operation of any key will turn the indicator 0 that key and those of the keys representing a higher denomination only.

A further object of the-invention is to pro-' vide the same with the advantages of the parlcular construction, arrangement, and combination. of parts and certain other new and useful features, all as hereinafter morefully described, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1, is a plan view of a machine embOdyIII the invention ;-Fig. 2, a longitudinal vertical section of the same on the line a; as of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a transverse vertical section and Fig. 4 is a detail showing a portion of the motion-transmitting mechanism in elevation with partsbroken away. g

As shown inthe drawings, 1 is any suitable supporting-casing across which extends a series of shaftsZ, supported at their ends in openings in the sideplates of the frame to turn freely, and secured to each shaft adj acent to the forward side of the casing is an indicator wheel or drum 3, provided with numbers or digits from O to 9, inclusive, on its eriphery. Guide-bars5 extend at the top and near. the bottom thereof, an each is provided .with a series of squared openings to receive vertically-extending squared rods havin buttons or heads on their upper ends am: forming the operating-keys 6. Secured on each shaft 2 opposite each-key is a pinion 7, and to engage the pinion to turn the shaft in one direction upon the downward movement of;the keya rack-bar 8 is said rack-bar being attached at its ower end to the key by links 9, which are pivotally at- 1provided, f

tached at their ends to the sides of the key-rod and rack-bar, and at its upper end is pivotally attached thereto by the links 10, which are pivoted to the rack-bar at one end and intermediate their ends to the sides of the key-rod, the opposite ends of said links projecting beyond the key-rod, where they are connected y a pin to which one end of a coiled spring -11 is attached, the opposite end of said spring being secured to thekey-rod some distance below. Projecting outward from each keyrod is a pin 12 in such a position that when the links are in a horizontal position holding the racks away from thekeys the upper ends of the rack-bars'will engage the pins, which thus form stops for the racks against which said racks are normally held' by the s rings 11. When a key is depressed to turn tlie adj acent shaft and its indicator-wheel, the rackbar being held away from the key and in engagement with the stop-pin will engage the pinion and turn the same; but when said key is released and raised by the coiled spring 13, attached at one end to the guide-bar 5 and at its opposite end to the lower end of the keybar, the rack will be swung on its links by its engagement with the pinion downward and toward the key against the action of the spring 11 sufficiently to slip by the pinion and not turn the same.

There are two rows of operating-keys, each shaft having two keys, one to turn the shaft in one direction to perform the operation of addition and they other to turn the same in the opposite direction to subtract. In order to so turn the shaft in opposite directions line with each other, one of the key-rods is bent twiceat right an les extending across beneath the lower gui e-bar and vertically upward at the opposite side of the shaftto support its rack in engagement W1th its pmion at-the side of the shaft 0 posite that at which the other rack is suppor ed.

Secured to and resting upon the lower and in order that the keys may be placed inguide-bars 5, between the two rows of keys, is a stop-plate 14, and projecting inward over this plate from the lower end of each rack-bar is a lug 15 to engage the plate and limit the downward movement of the rack and key, the parts being so proportioned that the full movement of the key will turn the indicatorwheel nine spaces or figures. Supported upon this stopplate are eight superimposed longitudinally-movable stop-plates 16, each provided with a notch 17 opposite each lug 15 on the rack-bars to permit the lug to pass and normally held with their notches in the paths of the lugs by springs. 18, attached to one end of the plates. The plates are limited in their movement by being slotted longitudinally to receive bolts 19, extending vertically upward from the stop-plate 14, and to move said plates longitueinally against the action of said'sprii. gs '18 bell-crank levers 20 are pivoted on the frame ano attache. to the ends of the plates opposite those to which the springs are secured. Aseries of verticallymovable keys 21 (eight in number) are guieec in opeiirgs in suitablebrackets secured to the end of the frame, and on these keys are rigid arms 22, pivotally attached to the outwardly-extending arms of the bell-crank le vers. In adding a certain number the digits of that number are indicated by pressing the keys 21 and the value of each digit or its position in the number by pressing the operating-keys. As, for instance, suppose the number is fifteen dollars and twenty-five cents. The operator would first press the digitkey marked 1. This would by means of the bell-crank connection move the first stopplate 16 longitudinally, throwing its notches out of the path of the lugs 15 on the rack-bars, and thus limiting the movement of the rackbars, so that the indicating-wheels could be turned but one space or number by the operating-keys. The fourth operating-key from the right-hand end of the machine, or the key representing the tens place of the whole number or d ollars,would then be pressed, turning its indicating-wheel one space, and when released said key would be raised by its spring, the stop-plate also being moved to its normal position by the spring 18 upon the release of the digit key. The operator next would press the digit-key marked 5 and then the operating-key representing units place, turning the indicating-wheel of said operatingkey live spaces. The cents of the number would then be added in a like manner by pressing the key marked 2, then the second or tens operating-key marked Cents, and the last digit of the number would be added by pressing key 5 and the first opcrating-key.

To transmit motion from one shaft to another, so that one revolution of one indicatorwheel representing digits of a certain value will turn the wheel representing those of the next highest value one space, a driving-disk 23, having one tooth 24 on its periphery, is secured on each shaft to turn therewith, and aIratchet-wheel 25, having ten teeth, is formed integral with said disk or secured to the shaft at one side of the same. having ten scallops or concaves in its periphery to fit the periphery of the disk 23 on the next adjacent shaft, is also mounted upon each shaft to turn freely thereon, and cut in the edge of said disk at each meetingoint of the scallops is a notch 27, adapted to be enga ed by the tooth 24 of the said adjacent ois k, said disk being cut away slightl at each side of the tooth to permit the shou ders at each side of each notch to pass as said scalloped disk is turned. Motion thus received from the adjacent shaft is transmitted by the scalloped uisk to its shaft by a awl 28, pivoted on said disk and normally he d in engagement with the ratchet 25 by a spring 29, said pawl also serving to center the fixed disk 23 relative to the scalloped disk when the fixed disk is turned by its shaft, the sealloped disk being prevented from turning-by the engagement of one of its scallops with the periphery of the fixed or eriving disk on the adjacent shaft. While the driving-disk may always turn the scalloped disk which it engages, said scalloped disk is always prevented from turning the driving-disk by the engagement of one of its scallops with the periphery of the driving-disk and also by the engagement of the shoulder at one side of its notch with the end of the tooth of the driving-disk when said disk is stopped with said tooth engaging one of the notches, as shown in Fig. 4. A flanged sleeve 30 on each shaft is provided with a flange at one end carrying a pin 31, engaging an opening through the adjacent scalloped disk and adapted to project through said disk into an opening therefor in the pawl 28 on the opposite side of the disk. The pawl is rigidly held by the pin in engage ment with a notch of the ratchet, and thus the scalloped disk is locked thereby to the driving-disk on the same shaft. The sleeve by reason ofthe engagement of its pin with the hole in the disk turns with said disk and .to disengage the pin from the pawl to release the same is adapted to move longitudinally of the shaft a short distance, but not far enough to disengage the pin from the disk. To so move the sleeves, operating-bars 32 are supported at one end by the lower guide-bars '5, one adjacent to each pair of operatingkeys, and at their opposite ends are provided with bearing ends extending through openings in the rear side wall or plate of the supporting-frame. Upwardlyextending arms aving forked ends 33 are fixed on said bars to engage grooves 34 in the sleeves and move the same upon the movement of the bars, and on each operating-bar are laterally-extend A driven disk 26,

ing lugs 35, ada ted toengage a-notch 36 in the lower end each key-bar, said In being normally held in engagement wit said key-bars by flats rings 37, secured to the outer sideof the p ate of the'frame' and engaging the ends of the operating-bars projecting theret'hrough, thus forcing the said bars endwise and moving the sleeves longitudinally of their shafts to hold the pins engaged with the pa'wls. The notches 36 are formed with an inclined side extending inward from the face of the key-bar and downward, so'that when the keys are in their normal raised position with the lugs on the operatingbars within said notches and a ke is depressed the incline engaging the side o the lug forces the operating-bar longitudinally against the action of the spring 37, and thus withdraws the pin 31 from the pawl, unlocking the scal-. loped disk from the driving-disk on that shaft and permittin the said driving-disk to be turned by sai movement of the key independently of-the said scalloped disk. In Fig. 3 one of'the keys is shown depressed to illustrate thisoperation. a

By providin "two sets of keys, one for determining the gigits and the other for determining t e value of each digit or its place in the number and also to operate the mechanism, the s eed of operation, is greatly increased an liability of mistakes lessened, as the keys are operated in the same order in which the person would call orwrite the number. Thus in writing 'or speaking 4,000 the digit 4 is expressed first and then itsvalue or lace in the number.

nstead of journaling the shafts 2 in the casing it is obvious that they might be made stationary and the operating parts carried by a sleeve-on the shaft."

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is- 1 In a calculating-machine, the combination of a series of indicators mounted on shafts journaled in the casing and provided with numbered spaces, means carried by the shafts for transmitting motion from one to the other of said indicators, two series of vertically rnovable operating-keys to turn the indicators in opposite directions, a series of keys each re resenting a digit, a series of su perposed sli ing plates supportedin the cas-- ing adjacent to the operating-keys and at- 'tached to the digit-keys to be moved thereb to correspondingly limit the movement of a l of the operating-keys and means for returning said platesl a r 2. In a calculatin -machine, the combination with a casing, o a series of shafts mounted in said casing, an indicator on each shaft,a pinion on each shaft, means for transmitting motion from one to the other of said shafts, a series of operating-keys,rack-bars connected to sa' keys to engage the pinions and turn the s fts, a series of superimposed longitudi nally-movable plates having notches opposite the rack-bars to allow the same topass therethrough, and a series of digit-keys connected t9 said plates to move :the same longitudinally. v

" 3. In a calculating-machine, the combination with a casing, of a series of shafts mounted on said casing, indicators on said shafts,

means connecting said shafts to transmit mo* tion from one .to the other, pinions on said shafts, rack-bars to en age the pinions, a series of vertically-mova le key-bars, links pivoted'to said key-bars and to the racks, stops to limit the movement in one direction of the bars, links pivoted at one end to the key-bars and at then opposite ends to the racks, stops pins on the key-bars to engage the ends of the racks when the links areextended at right angles to the key-bar, and springs to norma ly hold the racks against the stop-pins.

' 5. In a calculating-machine, the combination with a casing, of a series of shafts supported by the casing, indicator-wheels on said shafts, means for transmitting motion from one shaft to another, pinions on the shafts, rack-bars for said pinions, a series of key-bars each vertically supported by the casing at a short distance from each pinion, links pivoted intermediate their ends to the key-bars and connected at one end and pivotally attached to the upper ends of the racks at their opposite ends with a space between the racks and bars, links ivoted at their ends to the key-bars and to t e lower ends of the racks, sto -pins on the key-bars to engage the upper en s of the racks when the links are in horizontal-position, and springs attached at one end to the connected ends of the upper Links and at their opposite ends to the keyars.

6. In a calculating-machine, the combinaadapted to receive motion from the fixed disk on the next adjacent shaft to the right, and means for locking the loose to the fixed disk on each shaft, moved by the operation of the means for turning the shaft, to disconnect the same.

7 In a calculatin machine, the combination with a series of s afts and means for turning the same; of a loose disk on each shaft provided with a series of notches in its pe riphery, a disk fixed on each shaft adjacent to the loose and provided with a tooth,

said disks being so arranged that the fixed disk on each shift will enga e and .turn the loose disk on the adjacent s aft at the left, and means for normally locking the loose disk on each shaft to the fixed disk thereon to transmit motion thereto, and adapted to be actuated by the movement of the means forturning the shafts,-to unlock the loose disk on the shaft.

8. In a calculatin -machine, the combination with a series of s afts and means for turning the same; of a disk fixed on each shaft, a tooth on each fixed disk, a loose disk on each shaft provided with scallops in its periphery to fit the periphery of the fixed disk on the adjacent shaft and notches at the meetingpoints of the scallops to receive the tooth on said fixed disk, a ratchet-and-pawl connection between said fixed and loose disks on each shaft and means for locking the loose disk on each shaft to the fixed disk thereon.

9. ln a calculating-machine, the combination with a series of shafts, indicators on said shafts and means for turning said shafts; of a disk fixed on each shaft, a tooth on each fixed disk, a loose disk on each shaft having notches in its periphery to receive the tooth on the fixed disk on the adjacent shaft to the right, a fixed ratchet on each shaft between the disks thereon, a pawl pivoted to each loose disk, a movable pin carried b each loose disk to engage and hold the paw in engagement with the ratchet, and means for moving the pins to release the pawls, actuated by the means for turning the shafts.

10. In a calculating-machine, the combination with a supporting-casing, of a series of shafts mounted on said casing, an indicator on each shaft, vertically movable keys guided on the casing, means for turning the shafts carried by the keys, a disk fixed on each shaft, a tooth on each fixed disk, a loose disk on each shaft having a series of scallops in its periphery and notches at the meetingpoints of the scallops, a fixed ratchet between said disks on each shaft, a pawl pivoted to each loose disk to engage the ratchet, a sleeve on each shaft, a pin carried by each sleeve and adapted to project through an opening in the loose disks and engage the pawls to lock the same in engagement with their ratchets, operating-bars supported by the casing and engaging said sleeves to move the same by the movement of said keys.

11. In a calculating-machine, the combination with a supporting-casing, of a series of shafts mounted on said casing, an indicator on each shaft, vertically-movable keybars guided in the casing and each provided with an incline at its lower end, pinions secured on the shafts, racks carried by the key-bars to engage and turn the pinions, a disk fixed on each shaft provided with a tooth on its periphery, a loose disk on each shaft having scallops in its periphery to fit the periphery of the fixed disk on the adjacent shaft, and provided with notches at the meeting-points of said scallo s, a fixed ratchet between the disks on eac shaft, a pawl on each loose disk, a sleeve on each shift having a groove, a pin carried by each sleeve adapted to pro- -ject through an opening in the loose disk and engage the pawl, operating-bars extending beneath each shaft and supported on the easing in engagement with the inclines on the key-bars, a fork carried by each operatingbar to engage the rooves in the sleeves, and springs engaging t e bars to hold the same in contact with the inclines. j

12. In a calculating-machine, the combination with a supporting-casing, of a series of shafts mounted on said casing, an indicatorwheel secured on each shaft, pinions secured to each shaft, supporting-bars on the casing nearthe top and bottom thereof and pro-' vided with guide-o enings, two parallel rows of key-bars guide vertically in said 0 enings, springs to hold said key-bars in t eir raised positions, rack-bars to engage the inions, links pivotally attached to the key-fiars and to the racks to support the racks, astoppin on each key-bar to engage the racks, springs to normally hold theracks in engagement with the stops, laterally-extending lugs on the lower ends of the racks, a series of superimposed longitudinally-movable plates supported on the lower guide-bars between the rows of operating key-bars and rovided with notches opposite the lugs on tfie racks, bell-cranks pivoted on the frame and attached to one end of said plates, springs attached to the o posite ends of said lates, a series of digiteys to turn the be cranks, a disk fixed on each shaft and having a tooth, a

loose disk on each shaft having scallops and notches in its periphery, a ratchet-wheel on each shaft between the disks, a pawl on each loose disk to engage theratchet, means for engaging and locking the pawl, a sleeve on each shaft carrying said means, and 0perating-bars engaging and moved by the inclines on the key-bars to move said sleeves.

13. In a calculating-machine, the combi- IIO nation with a supporting-casing, of aseries of shafts in said casing, indicator-wheels and pinions carried by said shafts, verticallyguided ke -bars in said casing, springs to hold said ey-bars in their normal position, rack-bars to engage said pinions, links to pivotally support the racks upon the key-bars, a stop on each kev-bar to engage the racks,

means for normally holding the racks in engagement with the sto s, lugs on the racks, a series of superimpose movable plates supported on the casing provided with notches adapted to register with the lugs on the racks, levers attached to one end of said plates, springs attached to said .plates, a series of digit-keys to rock the levers, a fast and a loose disk on each shaft adapted to respec- -ried by said sleeve and operating-bars moved by the key-bars for actuating said means.

In testimony whereof I affix my signatuie in presence of two Witnesses.

JUDAH L. LEVIN.

Witnesses:

1 JACOB LEVIN,

OTTO F. BARTHEL. 

